Albinism is a genetic disorder that results in partial or total lack of skin color. Which statement best encapsulates this condition?

• A. A genetic disorder that results in partial or total lack of skin color. There is no known cure. The skin is very pale and the hair is light or white. Eye color can be very light or red irises. In some cases, there can be visual difficulties including nystagmus, strabismus, astigmatism, and photophobia.
• B. A bacterial infection causing patchy skin color.
• C. A temporary skin condition that resolves on its own.
• D. A vitamin deficiency with no effect on hair color.

Answer: (A)

Albinism arises from a genetic disruption in melanin production, so the body makes little or no pigment in skin, hair, and eyes. This explains why someone with albinism has very pale skin, light or white hair, and eye colors that may appear very light or red. The reduced pigment in the eyes also contributes to visual issues like nystagmus, strabismus, astigmatism, and photophobia that can occur with this condition. There is no cure for albinism, and management centers on protecting the skin from sun exposure and addressing vision concerns.

The other descriptions don’t fit because they describe conditions that aren’t genetic pigment disorders and don’t account for the distinctive skin, hair, and eye color changes plus potential eye problems seen in albinism.