In nonspecific immunotherapy, what role do cytokines play?

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Cytokines are signaling proteins that regulate the growth, differentiation, and activity of blood and immune cells. In nonspecific immunotherapy, they’re used to broadly boost the body’s immune response rather than target a specific cancer antigen. Because these molecules occur naturally, they help coordinate and enhance the function of immune cells like T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, strengthening overall immune surveillance. This broad stimulation is why cytokines are leveraged in nonspecific immunotherapy—to amplify the immune system’s activity and support a more robust defense, with the potential to influence treatment-related side effects through modulation of immune responses.