What is the appropriate immediate treatment for hypoglycemia in a conscious diabetic patient?

• A. Administer glucose
• B. Administer insulin
• C. Provide water only
• D. Do nothing

Answer: (A)

Raising blood glucose quickly with fast-acting carbohydrates is the immediate treatment for hypoglycemia in a conscious diabetic patient. The brain needs glucose, so the goal is to restore normal glucose levels fast to relieve symptoms and prevent deterioration. Give about 15 to 20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as glucose tablets, half a cup to one cup of juice, regular soda, or candy that contains sugar. After administration, recheck blood glucose in about 15 minutes and repeat dosing if it remains below target. Once symptoms resolve and glucose returns to a safe level, provide a small snack or meal with longer-acting carbohydrates to maintain levels. Insulin or other agents should not be given in this situation, and giving only water will not correct the low glucose. Doing nothing could allow hypoglycemia to worsen. If the person is unable to swallow or becomes unconscious, seek emergency care and administer glucagon or intravenous glucose as appropriate.