What is the earliest stage of periodontal disease characterized by gingival inflammation?

• A. Gingivitis
• B. Dysphagia
• C. Esophageal structure
• D. Pyrosis

Answer: (A)

The earliest stage of periodontal disease is gingivitis, which means inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup on the teeth. This stage is characterized by red, swollen gums that may bleed during brushing or probing. It affects only the gingival tissues and does not involve loss of bone or connective tissue attachment. Because the issue is inflammation and plaque, gingivitis is reversible with thorough oral hygiene and professional cleanings. If it’s not addressed, it can progress to periodontitis, where the supporting structures of the teeth are damaged.

The other terms don’t fit this context: dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing, esophageal structure describes parts of the esophagus, and pyrosis means heartburn. None are stages of periodontal disease.