What term is used for tooth decay or a cavity caused by bacterial destruction of dentin and enamel?

• A. Halitosis
• B. Pyrosis
• C. Gingivitis
• D. Dental caries

Answer: (D)

Dental caries is the term for tooth decay caused by bacteria in dental plaque that produce acids from sugars. Those acids erode the mineral in enamel and dentin, leading to cavities. The decay often starts on the enamel surface and progresses to dentin as the tissue breakdown continues, which can cause sensitivity and pain if untreated. Halitosis describes bad breath, pyrosis is heartburn, and gingivitis is gum inflammation—none of these define the decay process inside a tooth. Prevention involves good oral hygiene, fluoride use to strengthen enamel, and limiting sugary foods, while treatment ranges from fillings to more extensive restorations if decay advances.