Which condition is the earliest stage of periodontal disease, characterized by gum inflammation?

• A. Gingivitis
• B. Periodontal disease
• C. Eosinophilic esophagitis
• D. Pyrosis

Answer: (A)

Gingivitis is the earliest stage of periodontal disease, marked by inflammation of the gums without any loss of the supporting structures around the teeth. It presents with red, swollen gums that may bleed during brushing or probing, and it’s typically caused by plaque buildup. Because there is no attachment or bone loss yet, gingivitis is usually reversible with good oral hygiene and professional cleanings.

By contrast, true periodontal disease involves destruction of the supporting tissues, including attachment loss and bone loss, which is not yet present with gingivitis. The other conditions listed affect different parts of the body (esophagus or stomach) and are not related to gum inflammation.