Which disaster relief organization was founded in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1881, by Clara Barton to aid US military and provide peacetime relief?

• A. American Hospital Association
• B. American Medical Association
• C. American Red Cross
• D. American Association of Medical Assistants

Answer: (C)

The disaster relief organization founded by Clara Barton in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1881, to aid U.S. military and provide peacetime relief, is the American Red Cross. Barton, known for her Civil War nursing, envisioned a national agency that could mobilize volunteers to assist soldiers in war and also respond to peacetime disasters and emergencies. The Red Cross focuses on emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education in communities, which fits the description in the question. The other groups are hospital or medical professional associations with different origins and purposes, not founded by Barton for disaster relief.