Which organ produces eggs and hormones controlling the menstrual cycle?

• A. Uterus
• B. Vagina
• C. Cervix
• D. Ovary

Answer: (D)

Ovaries. These glands produce the eggs (ova) needed for reproduction and also generate the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, mainly estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen helps build and thicken the uterine lining in the first half of the cycle, while progesterone primes and maintains that lining after ovulation, preparing the uterus for a potential pregnancy. If fertilization doesn’t occur, hormone levels drop and the lining sheds as menstruation, starting the cycle again. The uterus, vagina, and cervix are involved in menstruation and pregnancy, but they do not produce eggs or regulate the cycle hormones.