Which term describes the tooth decay caused by infection that destroys tooth structure?

• A. Eosinophilic esophagitis
• B. GERD
• C. Pyrosis
• D. Dental caries

Answer: (D)

Tooth decay caused by infection that destroys tooth structure is called dental caries. It starts when bacteria in dental plaque metabolize sugars and produce acids. Those acids erode the minerals in enamel and dentin, a process called demineralization, which weakens the tooth and leads to cavities. If caught early, white spot lesions may form and progress to larger cavitations, but fluoride, good brushing and flossing, reducing sugar intake, and saliva help protect teeth and slow or stop progression.

Terms like eosinophilic esophagitis refer to allergic inflammation of the esophagus, while GERD and pyrosis describe acid reflux and heartburn—not damage to tooth structure.