Xerostomia is characterized by which of the following?

• A. Dryness of the mouth
• B. Excess saliva production
• C. Painful mouth ulcers
• D. Increased thirst alone

Answer: (A)

Xerostomia is the sensation of a dry mouth caused by reduced saliva production. This is described by dryness of the mouth, meaning the oral tissues feel dry, less lubricated, and may be uncomfortable for speaking, chewing, or swallowing. It’s not about producing too much saliva, nor is it specifically about mouth ulcers; while thirst can accompany dehydration, xerostomia refers to the oral dryness from low saliva. Common factors include medications (like antihistamines or antidepressants), dehydration, certain diseases (such as Sjögren’s syndrome or diabetes), and radiation therapy to the head or neck.