Xerostomia refers to which condition?

• A. Excess saliva production
• B. Mouth ulcers
• C. Dryness of the mouth
• D. Bad breath

Answer: (C)

Xerostomia is dryness of the mouth due to reduced saliva production. It’s defined by a lack of saliva, not excess saliva, ulcers, or bad breath. When saliva is scarce, the mouth may feel sticky, make swallowing or speaking harder, alter taste, and increase the risk of tooth decay and infections. Common causes include certain medications (like many antihistamines and antidepressants), dehydration, diabetes, autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren’s syndrome, and treatment like radiation to the head or neck. Managing it involves keeping the mouth moist and protecting dental health: sip water regularly, chew sugar-free gum or use saliva substitutes, use a humidifier, avoid caffeine and alcohol, and maintain good oral hygiene. If it persists, consult a healthcare provider to review medications or underlying conditions.